For six years, Gov. Sam Brownback carried out a signature philosophy of cutting taxes and shrinking government across Kansas, a state dominated by his fellow Republicans.

But on Tuesday night, the state’s Republican-held Legislature overrode Governor Brownback’s veto of a bill that would undo some of the tax cuts he pushed. The state Senate and House moved swiftly, voting only hours apart to turn back Governor Brownback’s rejection of a tax increase aimed at raising about $1.2 billion over two years.

It was a remarkable rejection of the state’s tax-cutting approach after years of mounting uncertainty and unhappiness in the state over whether the tax cutting was working. That led to all-out revolt by Republican lawmakers who had grown increasingly frustrated over limits on the state’s spending on education and over state budget shortfalls.

For Governor Brownback, a onetime presidential candidate who has grown increasingly isolated in Kansas, it was a devastating blow — a final rejection by some of his own allies for his centerpiece doctrine.

Hours before his veto was rejected in both chambers of the Legislature, Governor Brownback was holding unwaveringly to his vision. “We have worked hard in Kansas to move our tax policy to a pro-growth orientation,” the governor said, announcing that he would veto the tax increase. “This bill undoes much of that progress. It will substantially damage job creation and leave our citizens poorer in the future.”

Governor Brownback narrowly escaped an override of his veto of a tax increase in February. In that confrontation, the Senate balked at supporting an override after the House agreed by a single vote to defy the governor’s veto of a plan to raise more than $1 billion over two years.

As news of the developments filtered out on Wednesday morning, pointed reactions began pouring in around the state:

Kris Kobach, the secretary of state and a firm conservative, defended Governor Brownback’s approach.

While some Democrats, like Senator Tom Holland, of Baldwin City, cheered the end of “Sam’s march to zero.”